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La série Feindel Brain and Mind Seminar s’inscrit dans la ligne de pensée du Dr William Feindel (1918-2014), directeur du Neuro de 1972 à 1984, qui consiste à maintenir un lien constant entre pratique clinique et recherche. Les présentations porteront sur les dernières avancées et découvertes en neuropsychologie, en neurosciences cognitives et en neuro-imagerie.Ìý

Les scientifiques du Neuro, ainsi que des collègues et collaborateurs venus du milieu ou du monde entier, se chargeront des conférences. Cette série se veut un forum virtuel pour les chercheurs et les stagiaires en vue de favoriser les échanges interdisciplinaires sur les mécanismes des troubles cérébraux et cognitifs, leur diagnostic et leur traitement.Ìý

Pour assister en personne,Ìý

Pour regarder via Vimeo,Ìý

Lydia Chougar

Chercheuse postdoctorale, Le Neuro, Université Ã山ǿ¼é

±áô³Ù±ð:Ìýalain.dagher [at] mcgill.ca (Alain Dagher)

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Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, is the primary cause of Parkinsonism, characterized by a combination of resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Atypical Parkinsonism refers to other rare neurodegenerative disorders, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and corticobasal degeneration, which are associated with a poorer prognosis. Degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta is the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative Parkinsonian disorders. These diseases present significant challenges in terms of early diagnosis, differentiation, and understanding of their pathophysiology.

Over the past twenty-five years, neuroimaging has profoundly transformed research and clinical management of Parkinsonism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides several in vivo quantitative biomarkers sensitive to various tissue properties that reveal underlying pathological processes. Regional brain atrophy, detected using T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) sequences, reflects neuronal loss. Diffusion anomalies indicate the presence of microstructural alterations related to neuroinflammation, while iron-sensitive imaging detects iron deposits. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI serves as a proxy for degeneration of the substantia nigra. More recently, positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled the detection of misfolded protein aggregates, such as Tau and alpha-synuclein, seen in these diseases, allowing for an ante-mortem pathological diagnosis.

The first part of the talk will illustrate how neuroimaging biomarkers contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease and their use in providing an early diagnosis, quantifying disease severity and progression, and monitoring treatment effects. The second part will highlight the contribution of neuroimaging to the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian disorders, with a focus on recent applications of machine learning algorithms trained with MRI features.

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