缅北强奸

It is with deepest sadness that I say farewell to Irving, my final farewell to my brother, my mentor, my friend, my colleague.

Ours has been a very special relationship, from the moment that I became conscious of his presence as my brother, about 80 years ago. Even from the time when I was a child, I recall vividly his caring, gentle, soft-spoken manner: he was always protective of his younger brother.

All who have had the privilege of knowing Irving will recall that he was endowed with superior intelligence, curiosity, and firm convictions. He was, too, among the most handsome persons I have ever known, as a boy and as a man, with a soft, endearing smile.

Irving鈥檚 talent was evident throughout his studies. He completed high school at 16, with very high marks. He began his B. A. at the highly-esteemed University of Chicago, then as later a world-class center of economics. In the summer of 1940, during a visit to Montreal, he experienced a personal turning point 鈥� he met Toba! The rest is history: they were married in 1944, and had a happy marriage for more than 62 years.

Irving transferred to 缅北强奸, graduating with first class honours in economics in 1943. While still an undergraduate student, in 1942, at 19, he received a prestigious national award for the most outstanding essay on 鈥淧ost-War Reconstruction in Canada鈥�, an early indicator of his intellectual talent. He also worked as a research assistant at the International Labour Organization, the ILO, which had moved from Geneva to Montreal early in the Second World War to escape from the turmoil that then pervaded Europe.

In 1943, he began his graduate studies at Harvard, then and ever since, another great center of economics. However, after his first term, Irv鈥檚 sense of duty and commitment led him to suspend his studies and join the RCAF, in which he served as a Pilot Officer until the end of World War II. He returned to Harvard, with Toba, in 1945 to complete his studies. He received an M.A. in 1947 and a Ph. D in 1951. At both Chicago and Harvard he encountered some of the greatest economists of the twentieth century, including Jacob Viner, Joseph Schumpeter and Alvin Hansen.

While still a graduate student, in 1948, Irving began his formal academic career, as an Assistant Professor of Economics at 缅北强奸, one of the youngest ever to hold such a position: he was 25. Two years later, always in search of knowledge and a broader disciplinary framework for teaching and scholarship, Irving and Toba, with little Rick and Tom, went to the Yale Law School, one of the most illustrious in the world.

This was one of the many occasions where our academic paths coincided. I was a graduate student at Yale at the time; and we both received our degrees the same day, in June 1953, Irving, his LL. B, and I a Ph. D in International Relations.

Our entire family gathered in New Haven to celebrate this double event.

Irving than moved on to another educational experience, as Assistant Professor of Economics and Lecturer in Law at Northwestern University, 1953-55, and then served as a Staff Member of the Royal Commission on Canada鈥檚 Economic Prospects for two years. He returned to 缅北强奸, in 1957 and, for almost three decades thereafter he and I continued to interact intensely 鈥� I had joined the faculty in 1952, and we were members of the same Department, Economics and Political Science. So close was this relationship that we found ourselves in a unique situation in which, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Brecher brothers shared an office in the then home of this Department, Purvis Hall. It is difficult to imagine a closer academic relationship.

During those early years, but also later, Irv was not only my academic colleague; he was also my mentor, advising on research projects, on writing style, on methods. He never tried to impose his views; rather, they always took the form of suggestions, proposals, and comments. They were always carefully considered and wise; and often, though not always, I accepted his advice, to my great benefit.

Some who have gathered here today to pay their respects may not know of Irving鈥檚 academic contributions. He rose to the rank of Full Professor at 缅北强奸 in 1962, before he was 40, a most uncommon event in our generation of university teachers. The next year, he founded the 缅北强奸 Centre for

Developing-Area Studies, the CDAS, the premier research institute in Canada on the Third World 鈥� Asia, Africa and Latin America 鈥� during Irving鈥檚 long period as Director, until 1971. Earlier, he served as the Joint Director of the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, and Irving, Toba, Rick, Tom and young Ron spent a year in Karachi. In the early 1970s, Irving served as Vice-Chair of the Economic Council of Canada, the most influential 鈥榯hink tank鈥� in Ottawa on Canada鈥檚 economic policy.

During the early 1980s, he was Chairman of the 缅北强奸 Department of Economics during a period of turmoil. His wise leadership and counsel helped to bring about reconciliation among conflicting members and factions within the Department. Since 1985, he was an Emeritus Professor of Economics at 缅北强奸. And in the late 1980s, he was one of the originators of what became the high- profile Government of Canada-sponsored International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, now known as 鈥楻ights and Democracy鈥�; Irving was a member of its Executive Committee and was its Research Director.

For many years, these values, especially individual rights and democracy everywhere, were the highest values for Irving. Their promotion became a relentless goal for the rest of his life.

Irving was a prolific author, of books on 鈥楳onetary and Fiscal Thought and Policy in Canada, 1919-39鈥�, 鈥楥anada-United States Economic Relations鈥� (with Simon Riesman), 鈥楩oreign Aid and Industrial Development in Pakistan鈥�, among others, and many articles in learned journals on economics, law, and public policy. And, during his post-缅北强奸 retirement years, Irving contributed a steady flow of powerfully-argued and lucid articles in leading Canadian newspapers on a wide range of domestic and foreign policy issues. His was a career of academic achievement in many fields.

Over the decades, I have had the pleasure of knowing Irving鈥檚 family well. He was a loving and caring husband, father, grandfather and brother, and a favourite uncle of many nieces and nephews. He was deeply involved in the professional activities, and visibly proud of the achievements, of Rick, Tom, Ron and Terry in their varied careers 鈥� to the very end. This became evident to me once more the day after I arrived from Jerusalem to say farewell, my final farewell, to Irv.

It was a day I will always remember. When I entered his hospital room, he greeted me with his endearing smile: 鈥楳ike, Mike, you have come to see me; how thoughtful of you鈥�. He grasped my arm firmly and was visibly moved, as I was during a four-hour visit.

Irving鈥檚 conversation with Ron and me was animated, his curiosity evident, as always. So too was his innate optimism, which he expressed again even as he lay in the hospital, knowing that the end was near. Ron asked his father whether he would like Ron to read parts of the newspaper to him. Irv replied, softly, 鈥渏ust the headlines, Ron鈥�. The lead headline that day was about pending negotiations between the two warring Palestinian factions, Fatah and Hamas, with Saudi Arabia as the mediator. 鈥淰ery good news鈥�, said Irving, his pain and discomfort notwithstanding. Then he turned to me, who he knew was deeply involved in the Arab-Israel conflict, and said, in all seriousness: 鈥測es, Mike, I am still optimistic; they will succeed in 5-10 years.鈥�

Rick phoned, and Irv had an animated conversation with him for several minutes. One sentence caught my attention 鈥� Ron and I were in Irving鈥檚 hospital room at the time: 鈥測ou must finish that article and send it off to the journal鈥�, he said to Rick, with obvious feeling.

The most unforgettable remark by Irving that day, demonstrating his courage in the face of the most profound personal adversity, were his words to Ron and me: the doctors, with Ron鈥檚 support, were trying to persuade Irving to do another X- Ray so that they could then do a procedure that would reduce the severe pain from which he was then suffering; Irv refused, firmly, and he said, with obvious awareness of its meaning: 鈥渁ll I want is to be allowed to die quietly and to rest in peace鈥�. It was a farewell statement of a person for whom dignity and courage were very high values.

I remember too Irving鈥檚 moving eulogy to Eva, my beloved wife, at the memorial service on Mount Royal a little more than two years ago; his sensitive words about his sister-in-law resonated then and will do so forever.

Irving touched the minds and hearts of all who encountered and knew him over the decades 鈥� family, friends, students and colleagues, none more than Eva and听me. He had an enormous impact on all who were fortunate to know him, and he left the world a much better place than when he entered it. He lived a life that mattered, that made a profound difference in the personal and professional realms; and that, in the end, is further evidence of a life well lived.