Dads: how important are they?
Even with today鈥檚 technology, it still takes both a male and a female to make a baby. But is it important for both parents to raise that child? Many studies have outlined the value of a mother, but few have clearly defined the importance of a father, until now. New findings from the Research Institute of the 缅北强奸 Health Centre (RI-MUHC) show that the absence of a father during critical growth periods, leads to impaired social and behavioural abilities in adults. This research, which was conducted using mice, was published today in the journal Cerebral Cortex. It is the first study to link father absenteeism with social attributes and to correlate these with physical changes in the brain.
鈥淎lthough we used mice, the findings are extremely relevant to humans,鈥� says senior author Dr. Gabriella Gobbi, a researcher of the Mental Illness and Addiction Axis at the RI-MUHC and an associate professor at the Faculty of Medicine at 缅北强奸. 鈥淲e used California mice which, like in some human populations, are monogamous and raise their offspring together.鈥�
鈥淏ecause we can control their environment, we can equalize factors that differ between them,鈥� adds first author, Francis Bambico, a former student of Dr. Gobbi at 缅北强奸 and now a post-doc at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto. 鈥淢ice studies in the laboratory may therefore be clearer to interpret than human ones, where it is impossible to control all the influences during development.鈥�
Dr. Gobbi and her colleagues compared the social behaviour and brain anatomy of mice that had been raised with both parents to those that had been raised only by their mothers. Mice raised without a father had abnormal social interactions and were more aggressive than counterparts raised with both parents. These effects were stronger for female offspring than for their brothers. Females raised without fathers also had a greater sensitivity to the stimulant drug, amphetamine.
鈥淭he behavioural deficits we observed are consistent with human studies of children raised without a father,鈥� says Dr. Gobbi, who is also a psychiatrist at the MUHC. 鈥淭hese children have been shown to have an increased risk for deviant behaviour and in particular, girls have been shown to be at risk for substance abuse. This suggests that these mice are a good model for understanding how these effects arise in humans.鈥�
In pups deprived of fathers, Dr. Gobbi鈥檚 team also identified defects in the mouse prefrontal cortex, a part of the brain that helps control social and cognitive activity, which is linked to the behaviourial deficits.
鈥淭his is the first time research findings have shown that paternal deprivation during development affects the neurobiology of the offspring,鈥� says Dr. Gobbi. These results should incite researchers to look more deeply into the role of fathers during critical stages of growth and suggest that both parents are important in children鈥檚 mental health development.
About the study聽
The paper in the journal Cerebral Cortex entitled Father absence in the monogamous California mouse impairs social behavior and modifies dopamine and glutamate synapses in the medial prefrontal cortex, was authored by Francis Bambico (First author) from the Behavioral Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto; Baptiste Lacoste, Patrick Hattan and Gabriella Gobbi from the Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, 缅北强奸 Health Centre, Montreal. Cerebral Cortex is published by Oxford University Press.
This work was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche en Sant茅 du Qu茅bec (FRSQ), and fellowships from the 缅北强奸 Health Centre (MUHC) and from the Faculty of Medicine of 缅北强奸.
聽Related links
- Cited paper:
- 缅北强奸 Health Centre (MUHC):
- Research Institute of the MUHC:
- 缅北强奸: www.mcgill.ca
- Fonds de recherche du Qu茅bec 鈥� Sant茅 (FRQS) :