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Major Bioresource Engineering - Professional Agrology (113 credits)

Offered by: Bioresource Engineering     Degree: Bachelor of Engineering (Bioresource)

Program Requirements

The B.Eng.(Bioresource); Major in Bioresource Engineering; Professional Agrology program focuses on biological, agricultural, food, environmental areas, and applying professional engineering skills to biological systems. The design and implementation of technology for the creation of bio-based products, including food, fibre, fuel, and biomaterials, while sustaining a healthful environment. Graduates of this program are eligible for registration as professional engineers in any province across Canada, as well as in some international jurisdictions. This program qualifies graduates to apply for registration in the Ordre des agronomes du Québec and similar licensing bodies in other provinces in addition to the professional engineer licensing.

Required Courses (65 credits)

  • AEMA 202 Intermediate Calculus (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Mathematics (Agric&Envir Sci) : Methods of differential and integral calculus forthe study of multivariable functions. Calculus of parametric and polar curves, vectors and geometry of space, vector functions, partial derivatives, multiple integrals, and their applications.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Titley-Péloquin, David (Fall)

    • Fall

    • 3 lectures and 1 conference

    • Restrictions: Not open to students who have taken MATH 222

    • Prerequisites: BREE 103 and AEMA 102 or equivalent CEGEP objectives 00UP and 00UQ or permission of instructor

  • AEMA 305 Differential Equations (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Mathematics (Agric&Envir Sci) : First and second order differential equations, Laplace transforms, numerical solutions, systems of differential equations, series solutions, applications to biological, chemical and engineering systems, use of computer-based mathematical tools.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Titley-Péloquin, David (Winter)

    • Winter

    • Restrictions: Not open to students who have taken MATH 315

    • Prerequisite: AEMA 202 or equivalent

  • AGRI 330 Agricultural Legislation (1 credit)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Agriculture : A study of Quebec legislation of importance to the agricultural sector, with emphasis on the reasons why these laws were implemented and on their net effects on this sector. Some Canadian laws will be covered but only inasmuch as they affect Quebec agriculture.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Leduc, Mathieu (Winter)

    • Some written materials in this course are only available in French.

  • AGRI 430 Professional Practice in Agrology (2 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Agriculture : This course introduces students to the professional aspects of the practice of agrology. Topics include understanding the responsibilities of agrologists, the broad context and functioning of the Québec agricultural industry, how to deal with clients, colleagues, and understanding legal and regulatory aspects of the profession in Québec.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Major, Julie (Winter)

    • Restriction: U3 or permission of instructor.

    • This course requires the ability to read in French and understand spoken French.

  • BREE 205 Engineering Design 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Role of the bioresource engineer in society; introduction to engineering analysis and design; kinds of engineering; role and duties of the engineer in the design, construction, and operation of bio-based facilities, industries and the environment. Regulation of the engineering profession; law and liability; engineering ethics; occupational health and safety.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Sunjka, Predrag; Kwofie, Ebenezer (Fall)

    • Restrictions: Open to students enrolled in a Bioresource Engineering program or permission of the instructor.

  • BREE 210 Mechanical Analysis and Design (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Non-concurrent force systems; analysis of simple trusses and multiforce frames; friction, shearing forces and bending moments in beams and frames; centres of gravity.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Sunjka, Predrag (Fall)

    • 3 lectures and 2 hours lab or problems per week.

  • BREE 216 Bioresource Engineering Materials (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Introduction to the composition and mechanical constitution of materials used in bioresource engineering, including metals, plastics, concrete, wood, composite, plant and food materials. Crystal structure, alloys, phase diagrams, stresses and strains, elasticity, plasticity, yield, fracture, ductility, heat treatments, cold work, corrosion, composite materials, concrete chemistry, polymers.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Kwofie, Ebenezer (Fall)

    • 2 lectures and one 2-hour lab

    • Restrictions: Open to students enrolled in a Bioresource Engineering program or permission of the instructor.

  • BREE 252 Computing for Engineers (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : A disciplined general approach to the solution of engineering problems, and the implementation of these solutions using structured programming methods in a current computational environment.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Clark, Grant; Dhiman, Jaskaran (Fall)

    • 3 lectures and one 2-hour lab per week

    • Note that a B+ must be obtained in this course in order to be permitted to register in BREE 504

  • BREE 301 Biothermodynamics (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Classical thermodynamic analysis of pure and simple compressible systems. The course covers the first and second laws of thermodynamics. It deals with basic concepts of thermodynamics and thermochemistry in biological systems.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Orsat, Valerie (Winter)

    • 3 lectures and one 2-hour lab

    • Restriction: Open to students in Bioresource Engineering and Bionegineering programs and permission of the instructor.

  • BREE 305 Fluid Mechanics (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Properties of fluids; fluid statics; principles of flow of incompressible and compressible fluids; dimensional analysis boundary layers; conduit and open channel systems; simple applications to turbo machinery.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Ekaette, Idaresit; Sunjka, Predrag (Fall)

    • Prerequisites: BREE 210, AEMA 202

    • Three lectures and one 2-hour lab or problems per week.

    • This course carries an additional course charge for field trips.

    • This course carries an additional charge of $33.36 to cover the cost of transportation (bus rental) for local field trips. The fee is refundable only during the withdrawal with full refund period.

  • BREE 312 Electric Circuits and Machines (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : General circuit laws and DC circuits; electromagnetic circuits; inductance and capacitance, natural and forced response of circuits; analysis of single phase and three phase networks; transformers, AC and DC motors/generators.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Sun, Shangpeng (Fall)

    • Three lectures and one 2-hour lab or problems per week.

    • Prerequisite: AEMA 305.

  • BREE 319 Engineering Mathematics (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Advanced topics in engineering mathematics, including systems of ordinary differential equations, stability analysis, special functions, orthogonal functions and Fourier series, boundary value problems in various coordinate systems, and integral transforms. The use of computer-based mathematical tools is an integral part of the course.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Titley-Péloquin, David (Fall)

    • 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of conference per week

    • Prerequisite: AEMA 305 and BREE 252, or equivalents.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ABEN 319.

  • BREE 327 Bio-Environmental Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : An introduction to how humans affect the earth's ecosystem and projections for the needs of food, water, air and energy to support the human population. Ecologically-reasonable coping strategies including biofuels, bioprocessing, waste management, and remediation methods.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Sunjka, Predrag (Fall)

    • Open to U2 students and above.

    • This course carries an additional course charge for field trips.

    • This course carries an additional course charge of $12.32 to cover transportation costs for field trips which may include a solar installation site and if registrations permit, a bio-ethanol plant. The fee is refundable only during the withdrawal with full refund period

  • BREE 341 Mechanics of Materials (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Stress, strain, resilience, elastic and plastic properties of materials; bending moment and shear force diagrams; bending and shear stress; deflections; simple, fixed and continuous beams, torsion and helical springs, reinforced concrete beams; columns, bending and direct stress; general case of plane stress; Mohr's circle.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Akbarzadeh, Abdolhamid (Winter)

    • Three lectures and one 3-hour lab per week.

    • Prerequisite: BREE 210

  • BREE 415 Design of Machines and Structural Elements (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Design of shafts, bearings, gears, fasteners, and frames. Material selection and introduction to advanced materials for machine and structural design applications. Stress, strain, and deflection analysis for standard machine and structural elements. Predicting mechanical failure caused by static and variable (fatigue) loads using proper design criteria. Applying fundamental concepts for the analysis and design of machine elements (shafts, gears, and bearings). Integrating the design of individual machine elements into larger systems and applying numerical modeling (finite element method), engineering drawing, and 3D printing for validation and rapid prototyping of designed machine and structural elements.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Akbarzadeh, Abdolhamid (Fall)

    • Prerequisite: BREE 210, BREE 216, and BREE 341

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken BREE 315.

    • 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of problems per week

    • A course fee of $20.60 is to pay for supplies used in fused-deposition modeling (FDM) and Stereoithography (SLA) for 3D printing of structural and machine elements. The fee is associated with the printing materials and accessories used in lab sessions.

  • BREE 420 Engineering for Sustainability (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Principles and practices of engineering for sustainability. Emphasis on environmental, economic, social, management and policy factors that should be incorporated into sustainable approaches to engineering and design. Topics will include: sustainability metrics, systems thinking, stakeholder engagement, and leading change for sustainability within companies.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Adamowski, Jan (Winter)

    • Prerequisite: FACC 300 or permission of instructor

  • BREE 451 Undergraduate Seminar 1 - Oral Presentation (1 credit)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Attendance and participation in departmental undergraduate seminars, where each student must give an oral presentation.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Prasher, Shiv; Newman, Carole (Fall) Prasher, Shiv; Newman, Carole (Winter)

  • BREE 452 Undergraduate Seminar 2 Poster Presentation (1 credit)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Attendance and participation in departmental undergraduate seminars. All students will be required to prepare and present a poster.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Prasher, Shiv; Newman, Carole (Fall) Prasher, Shiv; Newman, Carole (Winter)

  • BREE 453 Undergraduate Seminar 3 - Scientific Writing (1 credit)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Attendance and participation in undergraduate departmental seminars and science writing workshops.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Prasher, Shiv; Newman, Carole (Fall) Prasher, Shiv; Newman, Carole (Winter)

  • BREE 485 Senior Undergraduate Seminar (1 credit)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Attendance and participation in departmental seminars, and a small written project report.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Ekaette, Idaresit (Fall) Ngadi, Michael O (Winter)

  • BREE 490 Engineering Design 2 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : The student is expected to develop a professional design project proposal with due considerations to executive summary, synthesis, methodology, milestones, budget, etc.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Clark, Grant (Fall) Clark, Grant; Sunjka, Predrag (Winter)

  • BREE 495 Engineering Design 3 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : The student is expected to implement, physically or virtually, the project proposed in the Design 1 course. The student is expected to present project outcome, in both written and oral forms and learn to be critical about their own work and those of others.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Clark, Grant (Fall) Clark, Grant; Sunjka, Predrag (Winter)

    • One lecture per week.

    • Prerequisite: BREE 490

  • BREE 504 Instrumentation and Control (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : An overview of instrumentation and control systems used in bioresource engineering. Hands-on development of data acquisition systems and learning strategies to process and interpret the signal obtained constitute the majority of the course.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Adamchuk, Viacheslav; Sun, Shangpeng (Fall)

    • 3 lecture hours and one 2-hour lab per week during Fall term every year

    • Prerequisites: BREE 252 and BREE 312 or equivalents.

  • FACC 250 Responsibilities of the Professional Engineer

    Offered by: Engineering - Dean's Office (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    Faculty Course : A course designed to provide all Engineering students with further training regarding their responsibilities as future Professional Engineers. Particular focus will be placed on three professional characteristics that future engineers must demonstrate: i) professionalism, ii) ethical and equitable behaviour, and iii) consideration of the impact of engineering on society and the environment.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Razavinia, Nasim (Fall)

    • Prerequisite(s): FACC 100 or BREE 205

    • Restriction(s): Open to undergraduate students registered in the Bioengineering, Bioresource Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mining Engineering, and Software Engineering (Faculty of Engineering) programs. Not open to U0 (Year 0)students.

    • (0-0-0.5)

  • FACC 300 Engineering Economy (3 credits)

    Offered by: Engineering - Dean's Office (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    Faculty Course : Introduction to the basic concepts required for the economic assessment of engineering projects. Topics include: accounting methods, marginal analysis, cash flow and time value of money, taxation and depreciation, discounted cash flow analysis techniques, cost of capital, inflation, sensitivity and risk analysis, analysis of R and D, ongoing as well as new investment opportunities.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Jassim, Raad (Fall) Jassim, Raad (Winter)

    • (3-1-5)

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken MIME 310.

  • FACC 400 Engineering Professional Practice (1 credit)

    Offered by: Engineering - Dean's Office (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    Faculty Course : Laws, regulations and codes governing engineering professional practice. Responsibility and liability. Environmental legislation. Project and organization management. Relations between engineer and client. Technical practice - analysis, design, execution and operation.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Kirk, Andrew G (Fall) Ozcer, Pinar (Winter)

    • (1.5-1-0.5)

    • Prerequisites: FACC 250 and [at least 60 program credits for B.Eng./B.S.E. students in the Faculty of Engineering or 45 program credits for B.Eng.(Bioresource) students].

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken MIME 221.

  • MECH 289 Design Graphics (3 credits)

    Offered by: Mechanical Engineering (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    Mechanical Engineering : The design process, including free-hand sketching; from geometry construction to engineering construction; the technology and standards of engineering graphic communication; designing with CAD software. The role of visualization in the production of engineering designs.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Stagnitta, Vincenzo (Fall) Stagnitta, Vincenzo (Winter)

    • (3-3-3)

    • Restrictions: Students must be in Year 1 (U1) or higher. Not open to students in Mechanical Engineering.

Complementary Courses (48 credits)

48 credits of the complementary courses selected as follows:

Set A

3 credits from the following:

  • AEMA 310 Statistical Methods 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Mathematics (Agric&Envir Sci) : Measures of central tendency and dispersion; binomial and Poisson distributions; normal, chi-square, Student's t and Fisher-Snedecor F distributions; estimation and hypothesis testing; simple linear regression and correlation; analysis of variance for simple experimental designs.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Dutilleul, Pierre R L (Fall) Dhiman, Jaskaran (Winter)

    • Two 1.5-hour lectures and one 2-hour lab

    • Please note that credit will be given for only one introductory statistics course. Consult your academic advisor.

  • CIVE 302 Probabilistic Systems (3 credits)

    Offered by: Civil Engineering (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    Civil Engineering : An introduction to probability and statistics with applications to Civil Engineering design. Descriptive statistics, common probability models, statistical estimation, regression and correlation, acceptance sampling.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Chouinard, Luc E (Winter)

    • (3-2-4)

    • Prerequisites: MATH 262, COMP 208 (a D grade is acceptable for prerequisite purposes)

3 credits from the following:

  • CHEE 315 Heat and Mass Transfer (3 credits)

    Offered by: Chemical Engineering (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    Chemical Engineering : Transport of heat and mass by diffusion and convection; transport of heat by radiation; diffusion; convective mass transfer; drying; absorption; mathematical formulation of problems and equipment design for heat and mass transfer; laboratory exercises.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Servio, Phillip (Winter)

  • MECH 346 Heat Transfer (3 credits)

    Offered by: Mechanical Engineering (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    Mechanical Engineering : Basic concepts and overview. Steady and unsteady heat conduction. Fin Theory. Convective heat transfer: governing equations; dimensionless parameters; analogy between momentum and heat transfer. Design correlations for forced, natural, and mixed convection. Heat exchangers. Radiative heat transfer: black- and gray-body radiation; shape factors; enclosure theory. Thermal engineering design project.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Mydlarski, Laurent B (Fall) Mydlarski, Laurent B (Winter)

Set B - Natural Sciences

Group 1 - Biology
6 credits from the following list:

  • AEBI 210 Organisms 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Biology (Agric & Envir Sc) : The biology of plants and plant-based systems in managed and natural terrestrial environments. The interactions between autotrophs and soil organisms and selected groups of animals with close ecological and evolutionary connections with plants (e.g., herbivores and pollinators) will be explored in lecture and laboratory.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Dastmalchi, Mehran (Fall)

    • 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of lab, per week.

  • AEBI 211 Organisms 2 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Natural Resource Sciences (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Biology (Agric & Envir Sc) : Introduction to the biology of heterotrophs, focusing on animal diversity from the perspectives of phylogenetics, physiology, and ecology. Introduction to major animal taxa, comparing and contrasting these taxa, and exploration of the relationships among them.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Head, Jessica (Winter)

    • Restrictions: None

  • LSCI 202 Molecular Cell Biology (3 credits)

    Offered by: Parasitology (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Life Sciences : Organization and function of intracellular organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mechanisms of membrane transport. Protein sorting and vesicular transport. Cytoskeleton. DNA and chromosome structure. DNA replication. Mechanisms of RNA and protein synthesis. Control of gene expression. Cell cycle and the control of cell division. Mechanisms of cell communication and signal transduction. Apoptosis. Neuronal signaling.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Liu, Qian (Winter)

    • Prerequisites: LSCI 211 and FDSC 230 or equivalent, or permission of instructor.

  • LSCI 204 Genetics (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Life Sciences : The course integrates classical, molecular and population genetics of animals, plants, bacteria and viruses. The aim is to understand the flow of genetic information within a cell, within families and in populations. Emphasis will be placed on problem solving based learning. The laboratory exercises will emphasize the interpretation of genetic experimental data.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Charron, Jean-Benoit (Fall)

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken BIOL 202.

  • LSCI 211 Biochemistry 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Parasitology (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Life Sciences : Biochemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids; enzymes and coenzymes. Introduction to intermediary metabolism.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Cestari, Igor; Long, Thavy (Fall) Long, Thavy; Cestari, Igor (Winter)

    • Co-requisite: FDSC 230

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken FDSC 211

  • LSCI 230 Introductory Microbiology (3 credits)

    Offered by: Natural Resource Sciences (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Life Sciences : The occurrence and importance of microorganisms in the biosphere. Principles governing growth, death and metabolic activities of microorganisms. An introduction to the microbiology of soil, water, plants, food, humans and animals.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Faucher, Sebastien (Winter)

Group 2 - Agricultural Sciences
6 credits from the following list:

  • ANSC 250 Principles of Animal Science (3 credits)

    Offered by: Animal Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Animal Science : Introduction to the scientific principles underlying the livestock and poultry industries. Emphasis will be placed on the breeding, physiology and nutrition of animals raised for the production of food and fibre.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Wade, Kevin (Fall)

    • Fall

    • 3 lectures and one 2-hour lab

  • ANSC 433 Animal Nutrition and Metabolism (3 credits)

    Offered by: Animal Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Animal Science : Introduction to fundamental aspects of animal nutrition, including gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology; nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism; nutrient functions and requirements of livestock species; evaluation of feedstuffs and their use in ration formulation; and feeding strategies. Laboratory classes will include hands-on experience on feed analyses, gastrointestinal tract dissections, nutritional experiments and demonstrations in livestock species as well as computer-based ration balancing exercises.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Burgos, Sergio (Winter)

    • Winter

    • 3 lectures and one 1-hour lab

    • Prerequisites: ANSC 234 or ANSC 330 or permission of instructor

  • ANSC 451 Dairy and Beef Production Management (3 credits)

    Offered by: Animal Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Animal Science : Overview of the Canadian Dairy and Beef industries with emphasis on products, environment, management systems, reproductive technologies, health, genetic improvement, automation, information recording and use of housing facilities and equipment. Field trips to dairy and beef farms as well as processing units included for illustration and application of concepts.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Duggavathi, Raj; Burgos, Sergio (Winter)

    • Prerequisite: ANSC 250, or permission of the instructor.

    • Restrictions: Open to U2 students or higher.

  • ANSC 458 Swine and Poultry Production (3 credits)

    Offered by: Animal Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Animal Science : Application and integration of biological principles of genetics, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, and health of poultry and swine production systems in Canada. Major factors and practices affecting productivity at the different stages of swine and poultry production. Field trips to farms and related enterprises.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Duggavathi, Raj; Wade, Kevin; La Salle, Andréanne (Fall)

    • Prerequisite: ANSC 250, or permission of the instructor

    • Restrictions: Open to U2 students or higher.

  • PLNT 300 Cropping Systems (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Plant Science : Application of plant science and soil science to production of agronomic and horticultural crops. Use and sustainability of fertilization, weed control, crop rotation, tillage, drainage and irrigation practices.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Smith, Donald L (Fall)

    • 3 lectures and one 3-hour lab

    • Prerequisite: AEBI 210

  • PLNT 302 Forage Crops and Pastures (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Plant Science : Ecology, management, and physiology of forage crops with emphasis on establishment, growth, maintenance, harvesting, and preservation; value as livestock feed in terms of nutritional composition and role in environmental conservation.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Seguin, Philippe (Fall)

  • PLNT 307 Agroecology of Vegetables and Fruits (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Plant Science : Application of ecological concepts and principles to the design and management of selected vegetable and fruit agroecosystems. Includes selection of varieties and management from seedling to harvest to storage.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Gravel, Valérie (Fall)

    • Prerequisite: AEBI 210 or permission of the instructor

  • PLNT 312 Urban Horticulture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Plant Science : Selection, use and care of plants in urban environments for the benefit of urban populations: landscape design, turf and green space management, urban trees, green roofs and walls, design and management of community gardens, urban agriculture.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Wees, David (Winter)

  • PLNT 322 Greenhouse Management (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Plant Science : The production of major flower and vegetable crops in greenhouses. Includes greenhouse design, heating, ventilation, lighting, hydroponics, irrigation, fertilization, scheduling and integrated pest management.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

  • PLNT 430 Pesticides in Agriculture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Plant Science (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Plant Science : Pesticide science concentrating on pesticide discovery, pesticide chemistries, pesticide development, pesticide technologies, mitigation of risks due to pesticides use, national and international pesticide regulations, registrations, and compliances.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Wees, David; Montpetit, Jean-Marc; Leduc, Mathieu (Winter)

    • Prerequisite(s): AGRI 215, and one of PLNT 300, PLNT 302, PLNT 307, or PLNT 322 or permission from the instructor.

    • There is a fee of $55.07 for the purchase of a dust-moist filtering respirator/mask to be worn when handling pesticides during the laboratory for this course. This equipment is retained by the student.

Set C - Social Sciences

3 credits from the following list:

  • ENVR 201 Society, Environment and Sustainability (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bieler School of Environment (School of Environment)

    Administered by: Faculty of Science

    Overview

    Environment : This course deals with how scientific-technological, socio-economic, political-institutional and behavioural factors mediate society-environment interactions. Issues discussed include population and resources; consumption, impacts and institutions; integrating environmental values in societal decision-making; and the challenges associated with, and strategies for, promoting sustainability. Case studies in various sectors and contexts are used.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Badami, Madhav Govind; Cardille, Jeffrey; Garver, Geoffrey (Fall)

    • Fall

    • Section 001: Downtown Campus

    • Section 051: Macdonald Campus

  • ENVR 203 Knowledge, Ethics and Environment (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bieler School of Environment (School of Environment)

    Administered by: Faculty of Science

    Overview

    Environment : Introduction to cultural perspectives on the environment: the influence of culture and cognition on perceptions of the natural world; conflicts in orders of knowledge (models, taxonomies, paradigms, theories, cosmologies), ethics (moral values, frameworks, dilemmas), and law (formal and customary, rights and obligations) regarding political dimensions of critical environments, resource use, and technologies.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Kosoy, Nicolas; Freeman, Julia (Fall) Hirose, Iwao; Janzwood, Amy (Winter)

    • Fall - Macdonald Campus; Winter - Downtown

    • Section 001: Downtown Campus

    • Section 051: Macdonald Campus

  • SEAD 530 Economics for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (3 credits)

    Offered by: Trottier Inst Sust,Eng&Design (Faculty of Engineering)

    Overview

    SEAD : Micro and macroeconomics of sustainability, market structures, principles of substitution, market failures and externalities, monetization and pricing of externalities. Policy instruments, permits and licenses, mandates, incentives, penalties, taxation and eco-social principles, mechanism design, the principles of life cycle analyses and the circular economy. Impact of engineering on ecological and economic sustainability.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Ng, Gary (Winter)

    • (3-0-6)

    • Restriction: Only open to students in the Faculty of Engineering. Students outside of the Faculty of Engineering may register with permission of the instructor.

  • SOCI 235 Technology and Society (3 credits)

    Offered by: Sociology (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Sociology (Arts) : An examination of the extent to which technological developments impose constraints on ways of arranging social relationships in bureaucratic organizations and in the wider society: the compatibility of current social structures with the effective utilization of technology.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Wang, Skyler (Winter)

Note: ENVR courses have limited enrolment.

Set D - Engineering

27 credits from Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3.
Minimum of 6 credits from each of Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 with the option (and approval of the Academic Adviser) of taking 6 credits from courses offered in the Faculty of Engineering.

Group 1 - Soil and Water

  • BREE 214 Geomatics (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : The communicative skills of surveying. The fundamentals of surveying through the application of reasoning, tools, techniques, and instruments. Practices in use of basic surveying equipment including steel tape, level, and theodolite. The use and operation of Total Stations. The procedures and methods for the measurement of distances, elevations, angles and positions. Basic surveying calculations, including traverse adjustments.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Qi, Zhiming; Dhiman, Jaskaran (Fall)

    • Two lectures and one 3-hour lab per week.

  • BREE 217 Hydrology and Water Resources (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Introduction to water resources and hydrologic cycle. Precipitation and hydrologic frequency analysis. Soil water processes, infiltration theory and modeling. Evapotranspiration estimation methods and crop water requirements. Surface runoff estimation as a function of land use modifications. Estimation of peak runoff rates. Unit hydrograph. Design of open channels and vegetated waterways.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Prasher, Shiv (Winter)

    • Three lectures, one 2-hour lab per week.

    • This course carries an additional course charge for field trips.

    • This course carries an additional course charge of $20.01 to cover transportation costs for two field trips, which may include a visit to a national weather station and a trip to gain hands-on experience on monitoring water flow in streams.

  • BREE 322 Organic Waste Management (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : An introduction to engineering aspects of handling, storage and treatment of all biological and food industry wastes. Design criteria will be elaborated and related to characteristics of wastes. Physical, chemical and biological treatment systems.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Clark, Grant (Fall)

    • 2 lectures and one 2-hour lab

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ABEN 322.

    • A fee of $50.00 is charged to support a field trip to local waste management facilities for guided tour and information-gathering for a course assignment as well as some laboratory supplies for hands-on composting and/or anaerobic digestion lab.

  • BREE 329 Precision Agriculture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : The course provides an overview of the principle concepts of precision agriculture. It focuses on equipment, software and the information management systems for mastering the essential steps when adopting and developing economically viable and environmentally sound solutions for modern farms and other agribusiness enterprises.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Adamchuk, Viacheslav (Winter)

    • Prerequisites: AEBI 210, PLNT 300, or equivalent approved by the instructor.

    • Not open to students who have taken FMT4 027

  • BREE 416 Engineering for Land Development (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Engineering aspects of land stewardship and water resource conservation, including: introduction to the hydrologic cycle and agricultural water use; computation of soil loss by water erosion; conservation farming practices; reservoirs and embankments; water and sediment control structures; stream restoration and water supply; wetlands and wetland design; irrigation principles and design; pumps and pumping; introduction to drainage and water table management.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • Prerequisite: BREE 217

    • 3 lectures and one 2-hour lab per week or design problems.

    • The passing grade for the prerequisite (BREE 217) is B-.

  • BREE 502 Drainage/Irrigation Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Benefits and importance of drainage; types of drainage systems; design and construction of main, surface and subsurface drainage systems; drainage materials. Crop water requirements; evapotranspiration models; design and layout of surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation systems; pipe hydraulics; pumps.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • Prerequisite: BREE 217

    • Restriction: Open to U3 students and above.

  • BREE 509 Hydrologic Systems and Modelling. (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Hydrologic cycle in the nature and how to quantitatively describe those processes using models. The fundamentals of hydrology including basic concepts, precipitation, snow and snowmelt, evapotranspiration, subsurface flow, infiltration and soil water movement, and runoff and streamflow. Equivalent attention to theories and hands-on practices on model application. How to set up and execute weather data driven physical based models, both at a point-scale and a watershed scale, to predict snowmelt, evapotranspiration, infiltration, soil water redistribution, subsurface drainage, runoff, and stream flow in hydrologic systems.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Qi, Zhiming (Winter)

    • 3 hour lectures

    • Prerequisite: BREE 217 or equivalent.

  • BREE 510 Watershed Systems Management (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : A holistic examination of methods in watershed management with a focus on integrated water resources management (IWRM). Topics include: integration, participatory management, water resources assessment, modeling, planning, adaptive management, transboundary management, and transition management.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Adamowski, Jan (Fall)

    • (3-2-4)

    • Restrictions: U3 students or above.

    • Note: Case studies and a project.

  • BREE 515 Soil Hydrologic Modelling (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : A review of computer simulation models for designing subsurface drainage systems. Use of CAD systems for designing and drafting drainage plans.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • Three lectures and one 3-hour lab per week.

  • BREE 518 Ecological Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Concepts and practice of ecological engineering: the planned creation or management of a community of organisms, their nonliving surroundings, and technological components to provide services. Survey of applications such as constructed wetlands, aquatic production systems, green infrastructure for urban storm water management, environmental restoration. Taught cooperatively with a parallel course at University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Online collaboration with an interdisciplinary, international team is an important component of the course.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Clark, Grant (Winter)

    • One 3-hour lecture per week.

  • BREE 529 GIS for Natural Resource Management (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques to the presentation and analysis of ecological information, including sources and capture of spatial data; characterizing, transforming, displaying spatial data; and spatial analysis to solve resource management problems.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Adamchuk, Viacheslav; Cardille, Jeffrey; Dhiman, Jaskaran (Fall)

    • Prerequisite(s): At least one environmental science course and one ecology course or permission of instructor

    • Restriction(s): U2 students and above. Not open to students who have taken GEOG 201, GEOG 306, GEOG 307, ENVB/BREE 430, or ENVB 529. Limited to 32 students.

    • Fall

  • BREE 533 Water Quality Management (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : The water phases of terrestrial ecological systems and the processes that link them. Physical, chemical, and biological properties of water, and water quality standards. The fate and transport of pollutants in rivers and streams, lakes, and wetlands. Methods to quantify soil carbon and nitrogen cycle to predict nutrient leaching. Impacts of human activities (e.g., agricultural drainage) on water quality and measures to improve drainage water quality. Assess the effectiveness of proposed engineering measures or management practices in improving or maintaining water quality of a real site/water body using numerical methods or a computer modelling approach.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Prasher, Shiv; Qi, Zhiming (Fall)

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken BREE 625 (formerly ABEN 625).

    • Management of water quality for sustainability. Cause of soil degradation, surface and groundwater contamination by agricultural chemicals and toxic pollutants. Screening and mechanistic models. Human health and safety concerns. Water table management. Soil and water conservation techniques will be examined with an emphasis on methods of prediction and best management practices.

    • This course carries an additional charge of $38.81 to cover the cost of transportation with respect to a field trip. The fee is refundable only during the withdrawal with full refund period.

Group 2 - Food Processing

  • BREE 325 Food Process Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Heat and mass transfer, enthalpy and mass balances, sterilizing, freezing, fluid flow, pipes, steam, refrigeration, pumps and valves.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Ngadi, Michael O (Fall)

    • Three lectures and one 3-hour lab per week.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken BREE 324

  • BREE 519 Advanced Food Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Advanced topics in food engineering. Concepts of mathematical modelling and research methodologies in food engineering. Topics include heat and mass transfer in food systems, packaging and distribution of food products, thermal and non-thermal processing, rheology and kinetics of food transformations.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Ekaette, Idaresit; Ngadi, Michael O (Winter)

    • Three lectures and one 2-hour lab per week.

    • Prerequisites: BREE 325, or permission of instructor.

  • BREE 520 Food, Fibre and Fuel Elements (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Analysis and design incorporating the four elements required by organisms and biomass for food, fibre and fuel production (air, earth, energy, and water). Special emphasis will be placed on the demands and requirements of engineering systems to control these elements and allow optimal growth in semi-controlled and completely controlled environments.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

  • BREE 530 Fermentation Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Advanced topics in food and fermentation engineering are covered, including brewing, bioreactor design and control and microbial kinetics.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • 3 lectures and one 3-hour lab

    • Prerequisite (Undergraduate): BREE 305 or equivalent

    • Graduate courses available to senior undergraduates with permission of the instructor

    • A fee of $121.94 covers the cost of the fermentation laboratory consumables and transportation costs for field trips which may include a brewery, winery and other fermentation operations

  • BREE 531 Post-Harvest Drying (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Heat and moisture transfer with respect to drying of agricultural commodities; techniques of enhancement of heat and mass transfer; drying efficiency and scale-up problems.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • Restriction: Open to U3 students or above.

    • This course carries an additional course charge for field trips.

    • This course carries an additional course charge of $47.34 to cover transportation costs for two field trips which may include at least two visits to distinctly different drying facilities in the field.

  • BREE 532 Post-Harvest Storage (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Active, semi-passive and passive storage systems; environmental control systems; post-harvest physiology and pathogenicity; quality assessment and control methodology; economic aspects of long-term storage.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • This course carries an additional course charge for field trips.

    • Restriction: Open to U3 students or above.

    • This course carries an additional charge of $49.87 to cover the cost of transportation (bus rental) for local field trips. The fee is refundable only during the withdrawal with full refund period.

  • BREE 535 Food Safety Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : The application of engineering principles to address microbial and chemical safety challenges in food processing, including intervention technologies (traditional and novel non-thermal intervention technologies, chemical interventions, and hurdle approach); control, monitoring and identification techniques (biosensors); packaging applications in food safety (active packaging, intelligent or smart packaging); and tracking and traceability systems.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Ngadi, Michael O (Fall)

Group 3 - Other Engineering

  • BREE 314 Agri-Food Buildings (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Analysis and design of structures to house animals and plants and to process and store animal and plant products. Introduction to environmental control systems and animal waste management.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Lefsrud, Mark (Winter)

    • Three lectures and 2-hour lab per week.

    • This course carries an additional course charge for field trips.

    • Analysis and design of structures to house animals and plants and to process and store animal and plant products. Introduction to environmental control systems and animal waste management.

    • This course carries an additional course charge of $133.90 to cover transportation costs for field trips which may include an agri-centre, sugar shack and winery.

  • BREE 403 Biological Material Properties (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Relationships between composition, structure and properties of biological materials. Measurement methods and use of mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical and functional properties in the design of new applications and product development.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • Restrictions: Not open to students who have taken BREE 423.

  • BREE 412 Machinery Systems Engineering (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Study and analysis of machines for tillage, harvesting, crop processing and handling. Field tests, load studies, design requirements; design of machines and components for agricultural applications.

    Terms: Fall 2024

    Instructors: Iheonye, Anthony (Fall)

    • Three lectures and one 3-hour lab per week

    • Prerequisite: BREE 341

  • BREE 419 Structural Design (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Structural Design in steel and timber; application of complete design procedures to working stress design; plastic design for ultimate loading.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2024-2025 academic year.

    • Three lectures and one 3-hour lab or design problems per week.

    • Prerequisite: BREE 341

  • BREE 497 Bioresource Engineering Project (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Independent study for design and experimental work on a bioresource engineering topic chosen in consultation between the student and departmental staff.

    Terms: Fall 2024, Winter 2025

    Instructors: Adamchuk, Viacheslav (Fall) Adamchuk, Viacheslav (Winter)

  • BREE 501 Simulation and Modelling (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Philosophical and mathematical principles of computational modelling and simulation: Concepts of verification, parameterization, validation, and sensitivity analysis. Introduction to basic concepts of finite element modelling: Direct stiffness and weighted residual methods. Introduction to software packages for general systems and multiphysics, finite-element-based modeling. Emphasis on biosystems engineering applications, e.g., ecosystem dynamics, material properties, solid and structural mechanics, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, electrical and machinery systems.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Dhiman, Jaskaran; Sun, Shangpeng (Winter)

    • Prerequisite: BREE 252; AEMA 305; or permission of instructor.

    • Restrictions: U3 students and above

  • BREE 505 Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : Examination of the methods for food system sustainability assessment and their trade-offs, focusing on conducting environmental life cycle assessment, life cycle costing, and an introduction to social life cycle assessment for agrifood systems (crops and livestock). Additionally, methods for trade-off analysis among the three sustainability dimensions – environment, economics, social – will be evaluated and applied to agrifood system optimization and sustainability decision-making.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Kwofie, Ebenezer (Winter)

    • Prerequisites: BREE 420 or equivalent or permission of the instructor

    • Restrictions: Open to U3 students and above

  • BREE 522 Bio-Based Polymers (3 credits)

    Offered by: Bioresource Engineering (Agricultural & Environmental Sciences)

    Overview

    Bioresource Engineering : The structure and properties of selected biomass (e.g. vegetable oils and starches) will be reviewed. The synthesis of bio-based polymers through chemical modification, casting, compression and extrusion among other methods will be studied. The physical properties of the resulting matrices will then be reviewed. Commercial applications will be examined.

    Terms: Winter 2025

    Instructors: Ekaette, Idaresit (Winter)

Faculty of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences—2024-2025 (last updated Sep. 4, 2024) (disclaimer)
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