缅北强奸

The brain鈥檚 biological clock stimulates thirst in the hours before sleep, according to a study published in the journal Nature by 缅北强奸 researchers.

The finding -- along with the discovery of the molecular process behind it -- provides the first insight into how the clock regulates a physiological function. And while the research was conducted in mice, 鈥渢he findings could point the way toward drugs that target receptors implicated in problems that people experience from shift work or jet lag,鈥� says the study鈥檚 senior author, Charles Bourque, a professor in 缅北强奸鈥檚 Department of Neurology and scientist at the Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program at the Research Institute of the 缅北强奸 Health Centre.

Scientists knew that rodents show a surge in water intake during the last two hours before sleep. The study by Bourque鈥檚 group revealed that this behavior is not motivated by any physiological reason, such as dehydration. So if they don鈥檛 need to drink water, why do they?

The 缅北强奸 team, which included lead author and Ph.D. student Claire Gizowski, found that restricting the access of mice to water during the surge period resulted in significant dehydration towards the end of the sleep cycle. So the increase in water intake before sleep is a preemptive strike that guards against dehydration and serves to keep the animal healthy and properly hydrated.

Then the researchers looked for the mechanism that sets this thirst response in motion. It鈥檚 well established that the brain harbors a hydration sensor with thirst neurons in that sensor organ. So they wondered if the SCN, the brain region that regulates circadian cycles 鈥� a.k.a. the biological clock 鈥� could be communicating with the thirst neurons.

The team suspected that vasopressin, a neuropeptide produced by the SCN, might play a critical role. To confirm that, they used so-called 鈥渟niffer cells鈥� designed to fluoresce in the presence of vasopressin. When they applied these cells to rodent brain tissue and then electrically stimulated the SCN, Bourque says, 鈥淲e saw a big increase in the output of the sniffer cells, indicating that vasopressin is being released in that area as a result of stimulating the clock.鈥澨�

To explore if vasopressin was stimulating thirst neurons, the researchers employed optogenetics, a cutting-edge technique that uses laser light to turn neurons on or off. Using genetically engineered mice whose vasopressin neurons contain a light activated molecule, the researchers were able to show that vasopressin does, indeed, turn on thirst neurons.

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Although this study was performed in rodents, it points toward an explanation as to why we often experience thirst and ingest liquids such as water or milk before bedtime,鈥� Bourque says. 鈥淢ore importantly, this advance in our understanding of how the clock executes a circadian rhythm has applications in situations such as jet lag and shift work. All our organs follow a circadian rhythm, which helps optimize how they function. Shift work forces people out of their natural rhythms, which can have repercussions on health. Knowing how the clock works gives us more potential to actually do something about it.鈥�

听'Clock-driven vasopressin neurotransmission mediates anticipatory thirst prior to sleep鈥�, by C. Gizowski, C. Zaelzer, and C.W. Bourque is published in Nature, doi:10.1038/nature19756听

This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Fonds de Recherche du Qu茅bec - Sant茅.

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