缅北强奸

The competition, led by , the Horace B. Horton Professor in Astronomy & Astrophysics at the , will award more than $4 million in research grants to 20 scientists and more than $200,000 to 21 student essayists worldwide. The funds were provided through a grant from the to encourage scientists and students across the globe to explore fundamental, big questions in astronomy and cosmology that engage groundbreaking ideas on the nature of the universe.

The amount of the award for the 缅北强奸 team led by Maloney is $180,000 (U.S.), which will be used to fund postdoctoral researchers and graduate students. Along with his co-investigators at 缅北强奸 -- professors Robert Brandenberger (Physics), Johannes Walcher (Mathematics and Statistics & Physics) and Patrick Hayden (Computer Science) 鈥� Maloney will address basic conceptual problems at the interface of quantum physics and cosmology.

鈥淭hrough these awards, the New Frontiers program aims to support bold, innovative research with the potential to expand boundaries and catalyze breakthrough discoveries, as well as inspire students to pursue scientific knowledge and become original, forward-looking big question thinkers of tomorrow,鈥� York said.

The program invited research proposals addressing four big questions that have potential to expand the boundaries and deepen the foundation of scientific inquiry:

• What was the earliest state of the universe?
• Is our universe unique or is it part of a much larger universe?
• What is the origin of the complexity in the universe?
• Are we alone in the universe? Or, are there other life and intelligence beyond the solar system?

Prof. Maloney鈥檚 team at 缅北强奸 aims to answer two sub-questions related to the earliest state of the universe:

• What are the scientific ways to test various theories of the earliest state of the universe?
• If space and time are not fundamental in the deepest scientific description of the universe, how did they emerge?

鈥淐urrent models of cosmology based on Einstein鈥檚 theory of general relativity successfully describe many features of our universe at its largest scales.聽 Yet they fail to describe the dynamics of the universe at very early times where a quantum theory of gravity becomes necessary,鈥� Maloney notes. 鈥淔inding answers to these questions will advance scientists鈥� understanding of the quantum structure of space-time in cosmological settings, of the emergence of structure from the Big-Bang singularity and of the measurable and observable implications of quantum cosmology.鈥�

For a complete list of grant winners, see .

For a complete list of essay winners, see .

The New Frontiers in Astronomy & Cosmology program marks the centenary of the birth of Sir John Templeton, who regarded cosmology and astronomy as exemplary scientific pursuits that have continually expanded humanity鈥檚 vision of the world. The timing of the conference coincides with the centenary celebrations, the 40th anniversary of the , and the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the John Templeton Foundation.

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